ABSTRACT
The wireless sensor network (WSN) is an independent network of devices which transmits environmental parameters together or supervises them. WSN-form sensor nodes are used for remote operations ad hoc, since the positions of sensor nodes are important to both network operations and most application-level activities, localization is one of the fundamental problems in WSNs. Localization refers to the issue of deciding a node’s location (position). Although GPS-based localization strategies can be used in several meters to locate the node location, costs for GPS equipment and lack of access to GPS signals are prevented in restricted environments for the use of large sensor networks. When sensors are used in a setting where obstructions such as dense foliage areas and high costs are present, the GPS-based device may not function correctly. A wide range of research exists that aims to obtain locations and spatial relations of nodes in WSN without the need for specific hardware and with a few anchors which know themselves. Distance can be calculated based on signal strength obtained between two nodes (RSS). The RSS may be used to locate objects since the signal radio frequency decreases, since the distance between the transmitter and the receiver increases. It’s a challenge to design a proper system for high precision. The main focus in research and applications is now the assessment of the role of WSNs. Various new technologies and facilities have been tested for location identification.
