ABSTRACT
Rosa damascena Mill. is a natural hybrid of R. gallica L. and R. phenicia Boiss. species and distributed in Iran naturally while it is cultured in France, Lebanon, India, Russia, China, Morocco, Mexico, Italy, and especially Turkey and Bulgaria.
The flowers of the plants contain flavonoids, coumarins, terpenic and volatile compounds, phenylpropanoids, and plant acids.
Flower decoctions are traditionally used in Iran to relieve ailments such as chest and abdominal pain complaints, menstrual bleeding, digestive system ailments, constipation complaints, and to strengthen the heart. The rose water has an antiseptic effect and muscle relaxant. The rose oil vapor has been reported to be beneficial for some allergies, headaches, and migraines besides in aromatherapy for the treatment of depression, stress-related conditions, and heart diseases. Some clinical studies were performed on R. damascena. Aromatherapeutic effects of essential oil have been shown in recurrent aphthous stomatitis, primary dysmenorrhea pain, and post-wound pain in burn
