ABSTRACT
Stem cells are a specialised type of undifferentiated cells, which tend to self-renew and transform in diverse kinds of tissues and cells. They are categorised into various types depending on their origin and differentiation potency. Regenerative medicine is a new class of therapeutics, which aims at restoration and regeneration of defective tissues and organs that are generally untreatable by present methods. This technique can be further improved and enhanced using nanoparticles like transportation, tracing, differentiation, capturing, and labelling of cells.
In this chapter, we have organised the classification of stem cells and its applications in regenerative medicine. Also, we have discussed the application of nanotechnology in stem cell regenerative therapy, and various experimental data have been reported. MSCs have responded positively in many animal and clinical studies. The use of umbilical cord and amniotic fluid cells has received a lot of consideration as it can be used as an alternative effectively. Presently, several animal and human trials are ongoing to analyse the chances of applying stem cell therapy for regeneration and their promising results assist in understanding the regeneration potential of the body itself.
This chapter focuses on the nanomaterials’ roles and their applications in stem cell therapy. The different types of nanoparticles usually used for these technologies are graphene, glycolic acid polymers, gold, silver nanoparticles, iron oxide, graphene quantum dots, selenium, and so on. A few of the recognised advancements in this field are the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells using magnetic core-shell nanoparticles.
