Soy Bean Processing and Utilization

This chapter will provide single-source information on all aspects of soy bean processing and utilization. It will cover a wide range of topics including physical and chemical characteristics of soy beans, soy bean products, the processing of soy beans and their utilization. This chapter will explain in detail the processing and utilization of many value-added products made from soy beans such as soy dhal, soy flour, soy milk, soy paneer (Tofu), soy yogurt, soy sauce, lecithin, soy oil, soy bean meal, and soy hulls. Soy beans (Glycine max.) often called the “golden miracle bean,” are a leguminous crop. Soy products have been in use in India for almost 30 years, but their consumption never took off well in the market until recently. Soy beans are a rich source of protein and a low-cost crop. They contain all the three macronutrients required for good nutrition, as well as fiber, vitamins, and minerals in the amounts needed for maintaining good health. Soy beans have been used more as poultry and cattle feed than as a good source of protein for human consumption. Also, the misconception that soy beans are only used in feeding programs conducted by the government for malnourished children has been prevalent. In addition to containing good quality nutrients, soy beans have other beneficial compounds such as, phytosterols (isoflavones), lecithin, etc. The products made from soy beans can easily meet the protein requirements of a vegetarian diet. Soy foods have a number of health benefits such as, cancer prevention, cholesterol reduction, combating osteoporosis, and menopause regulation. Human studies suggest that as little as one serving of soy foods each day may be protective against many types of cancers. Based on the various research findings, the health claim states “consumption of 25 g of soy protein per day with a diet low in saturated fat may lower the risk of heart diseases.” Recent research has shown that soy foods can relieve most menopausal symptoms, and reduce risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. It is also considered as a natural alternate for hormone replacement therapy for treating menopausal women.