ABSTRACT
Crops experience multiple biotic and abiotic stress conditions during their life cycle, which limit their growth and productivity to a great extent. Integrated omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, enable researchers to investigate the molecular aspects involved in the tolerance to stress conditions in crops. Several proteins have been identified that respond to these conditions at pre- and/or post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. Understanding the role of such proteins would comprehensively explain the processes of stress tolerance in plants. Proteomics offers an approach to discover proteins and pathways associated with crop physiological and stress responses. Furthermore, post-translational modifications (PTMs) proteomics is a constantly growing area that aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the roles of protein PTMs in molecular networks and the global impact of these PTMs on plant biological processes. Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential signaling molecule that has an extraordinary impact on the regulation of multiple physiological and biochemical processes. NO-based PTM switch (nitrosylation/denitrosylation) is reported to be involved in abiotic stress regulation in various plants. In this chapter, we focus on the current knowledge of S-nitrosylation and denitrosylation in plants under abiotic stress to provide a better understanding of the regulation of NO signaling during abiotic stress in crops.
