ABSTRACT
Environmental remediation, in tandem with rapid urbanization and industrialization, is identified as a long-term crucial task that strives to create a healthy environment globally. Organic and inorganic wastes of various forms are released into water systems from both domestic homes and factories. These wastes contain chemicals that are harmful to the ecosystem. As a result, appropriate wastewater treatment solutions are desperately required to refine our water supplies. To degrade these wastewater contaminants, one promising approach is to use metal oxide (MO) nanoparticles as photocatalysts. Transition metal oxides and their composites have excellent photocatalytic growth as well as promising properties such as high stability and non-toxicity, making them useful in a wide range of applications. This study describes some of the features of MO while also briefly defining their various applications. It focuses on MOs such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, and CuO, which are widely debated and recognized to be cost-efficient, effective, safe, and, most significantly, environmentally sustainable for a long-term process of environmental remediation.
