ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, has received remarkable attention from researchers on both the academic laboratory and industrial level. 3D printing facilitates vast opportunities for rapid prototyping. Electrochemistry, basically a bifurcation of analytical chemistry, has recently benefited from the 3D printing methodology. The procedure of 3D printing comprises of designing of 3D solid object built on the deposition of the desired material layer-by-layer via computer-aided design (CAD) software. Different types of 3D printers available on the market can be grouped together depending on printing processes such as lamination, powder based, photopolymerization, and extrusion. The photopolymerization incorporates stereolithography (SLA) and material jetting and scattered technique especially in the designing of a microfluidic/miniaturized platform. Carbon particles containing commercially available filaments are used in the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensor applications because the material is of low-cost, highly electrically conductive, biocompatible, and design flexible.
