ABSTRACT
Catalysis is important in today’s world, particularly in industries where chemical reactions are used to turn raw materials into useful products. It serves as the foundation for many industrial processes, and advances in catalytic reactions not only enhance the efficacy of chemical reactions but also reduce waste and environmental impact. Heterogeneous catalysts have many advantages over homogeneous catalysts, including fast separation and recycling, high thermal and chemical stability, and so on. Porous organic polymers (POPs) have a high chemical and thermal stability. Functional groups can also be inserted into POPs during the synthesis procedure by polymerization of the functionalized monomers, where both the functional groups and the polymer matrix can be precisely modified. In polymerization reactions, it is possible to change the porosity of the polymer and insert hierarchical porosity in the polymer. Ionic liquids exist in various structures with negligible volatility, stability, and solubility.
