ABSTRACT
Environmental impact data must be developed for all aspects of an energy system and/or energy conservation program and must be limited to separate components. The most dramatic environmental improvements can be developed by energy conservation in the industrial sector of the economy. A mathematical or numerical expression of this principle is termed an energy balance, which in conjunction with a material balance is of primary importance in many engineering applications, but in particular problems of process design and operation. In establishing a general energy balance for any process, it is convenient to use as a basis a unit time of operation, for example, 1 hour for a continuous operation or one cycle for a batch or intermittent operation. In an energy balance, the inputs are equated to the outputs plus the accumulation of energy inventory with the system over the unit period of time in a flow process, or for a given cycle of operation for the nonflow process.
