ABSTRACT
Vanadium is a critical raw material to modern industry; a burgeoning increase in its global consumption has caused considerable contamination cases worldwide. The elevating exposure of vanadium in the environment subsequently leads to risks to human health. In soils, vanadium can be sequestrated by different soil components with various mechanisms; for example, trivalent vanadium is able to substitute iron in goethite, tetravalent vanadium tends to form stable complex with soil organic matter and pentavalent vanadium can be strongly absorbed onto ferrihydrite. The differential association preferences of vanadium species control the fractionation of vanadium in soil solid phases, which further affects the biogeochemical fate of vanadium in the ecosystem. In this chapter, the possible sources of vanadium in soils including natural and anthropogenic are summarized. Additionally, the potential mobility and bioavailability of soil vanadium are demonstrated according to sequential and single extraction methods.
