ABSTRACT
Rechargeable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy devices lay a significant growth in the future energy field. Biomass and bio-waste are mainly referred to as “biodegradable materials” and “renewable sources of energy” Biomass is defined as living or dead organisms, plant or animal, and their by-products. Biomass grows by making use of carbon from the surroundings and has chemical energy obtained from sunlight; hence materials such as coal, fossil fuels, soil, and oils can be excluded from the term biomass. Biomass when consumed for generating energy releases carbon back to the surrounding environment. The term “bio-waste material” means biodegradable materials, which are eliminated or discarded as no longer useful or required after the completion of a process. The morphology, structure, and elemental composition of the bio-waste-derived carbon-based material play a key role in the high performance of the energy device. Biomass possesses a delicate porous structure in nature that incorporates water, air, and other organic and inorganic materials.
