ABSTRACT
Karnataka is the southern state of India and is bordered by Andhra Pradesh on the east, the Arabian Sea on the west, Maharashtra on the north and Kerala on the south. The state also has Goa on the northwest, Telangana on the northeast and Tamil Nadu on the southeast. The state covers an area of 191,976 km2, which is about 6% of the total geographical area of India. It is also the seventh-largest Indian state by area covered by 30 districts. Karnataka has the coastal region, the Hilly Western Ghats and the Plains of Deccan Plateau. Meteorologically, Karnataka can be divided into three zones – south interior, north interior and coastal regions and its soils can be mainly classified into residual deposits, black cotton soil/expansive soil and lithomargic clay/shedi soil based on the geotechnical formation and engineering applications.
