ABSTRACT
Hydrogen storage is the bottleneck for the breakthrough of its usage as an energy carrier and combustion fuel. The storage of hydrogen still remains a challenge since it possesses an unacceptable risk due to its high reactivity, low ignition energy, and high combustion energy. Hydrogen is the cleanest, sustainable, and renewable energy carrier and is expected to replace the existing fossil fuels in the future. To achieve the goal of using hydrogen as a fuel, onboard hydrogen systems have to be developed. Hydrogen can be stored using compression, hydrogen liquefaction (LH2) or any form of metal hydrides for long-distance transportation. The limitations of existing technologies have induced the study of new storage technologies for more safe and practical usage which allows the widespread use of the technology. Physical adsorption using nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers has gained attention in recent years since they are excellent materials for catalysis, separation, and adsorption processes. This chapter summarizes the emerging technologies of novel carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and carbon nanofibers for the development of hydrogen as a fuel. This chapter highlights the new emerging technologies for the storage and transportation of hydrogen using carbon nanomaterials. The development of onboard hydrogen storage systems is encouraged by the recent discovery of the high and reversible hydrogen storage capacity of carbon nanomaterials and nanofibers that accelerated the development of hydrogen storage in fuel cell-driven vehicles.
