ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes several of the available chemical and electrochemical strategies towards the sensing of biomolecules, along the side with the novel trends in biosensing for clinical diagnostics. Blood tests as well as urine and feces are extremely important and challenging classic example in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. The largest market for analytical enzymes is the in vitro clinical diagnostics industry. Neonatal screening consists of a variety of laboratory tests performed on newborns for the early detection of inherited diseases of metabolism and other asymptomatic pathologies. Neonatal screening was initially only available for the diagnosis of phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism. Later, screening for cystic fibrosis, sickle disease and haemoglobinopathies also became routinely available. Phenylketonuria is a recessive, autosomal inherited disease in metabolism of the essential amino-acid phenylalanine. Cancer is defined as a disease in which a group of cells grows abnormally, resulting in their uncontrolled growth and proliferation.
