ABSTRACT
The neurotoxin β-N-oxalyl-L-a, β-diaminopropionic acid (BOAA) is a structural analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate present in the Lathyrus species. It is a known causative agent for human and animal lathyrism. Two types of lathyrism, namely neurolathyrism and osteolathyrism, have been observed in the past, with earlier outbreaks being more common. Generally, there is an observance of weakness in the hind limbs and subsequent paralysis of muscles. Besides, BOAA also possess gliotoxic properties. Despite being a resilient and nutritious crop, consumption of L. sativus is restricted because of the occurrence of BOAA toxin. Further research work will be essential to render this crop to gain importance on a world-wide platform. An effort was made in this chapter to compile recent information about chemistry, toxicology, mechanism of action, health effects, safety concerns, and identification and detection techniques of BOAA toxin. Besides, the chapter also dealt with the in-depth knowledge of the source of the toxin: the Lathyrus species, its taxonomy, distribution, nutritional attributes, and effective food processing treatments for reduction of the BOAA neurotoxin.
