ABSTRACT
Sea anemones are marine animals of the phylum Cnidaria which includes anemone, jellyfish, corals, and hydras. Toxins of sea anemone is now a topic of concern for their venomous effect on public health and activities.. Nematocysts in sea anemone produce toxins that are comprised of proteins and peptides. Furthermore, these toxins have various structures and sites of action, are cytolytic or neurotoxic, affect the human body, and can cause several effects like tissue damage, pain sometimes even cardiovascular collapse and death. Sea anemone toxins are grouped as cytolysins, voltage-gated Nav and Kv channels toxins, phospholipase A2 toxins and other toxins. Due to its cytotoxic property and hemolytic effect, sea anemone toxin has approached therapeutic uses, whereas various studies proved its effectivity against microorganisms and tumour cells. This chapter aims to briefly review sea anemone toxin, emphasising the mechanism of action, safety, and processing effect.
