ABSTRACT
Bottom-up synthetic approaches are valuable techniques within chemistry and materials science to obtain 2D nanomaterials that possess many important characteristics such as high surface area and exposed active sites, which are inherently responsible for the improvement of electrocatalytic activities and/or energy storage properties. Hence, understanding how to perform and when to use these methods can provide scientists a wide range of choices to optimize certain material’s properties such as transition metal dichalcogenides, carbon-based nanomaterials, MXenes, metal oxides, and metal hydroxides. Based on that, this chapter starts with an introduction of the importance of 2D nanomaterials along with a brief explanation of the main concepts surrounding bottom-up technology. The following session briefly addresses the concepts of top-bottom approaches as it functions oppositely as those of bottom-up. Next, the main procedures used to synthesize 2D nanomaterials through bottom-up approaches are presented. In that regard, chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, ultra-high vacuum-assisted, hydrothermal, and solvothermal techniques are covered through a discussion of their core aspects along with some recent examples from the literature to elucidate the readers with ideas and feasible approaches in their research.
