ABSTRACT
A “smart learning” environment requires a combination of both formal and informal learning experiences along with the involvement of immersive activities. Accordingly, contextualized learning resources can be formed instantly, including digital content, activities, and connection during the learning process. Applications (apps) developed on smartphones (or mobile devices), with their ultimate purposes, can assist the adaptive, personalized, and ubiquitous learning experience for students. However, creating algorithms for the learning process by apps remains a problem for both teachers and students. Apps can be integrated as both specific subject tools and smart learning activities for digital literacy in various education programs of higher education institutions.
