ABSTRACT
According to its scientific merits, seaweed as an agricultural product currently has various uses including food, livestock feed, fuel, fertilizer, and multiple products with several forms. Due to population growth and climate change impacts, global food crop production is drastically decreasing. As a result, world food security is facing threats day by day. As an alternative food source, the demand for seaweed is increasing globally. But compared to developed countries, seaweed cultivation has not achieved much success in developing countries. Asia’s largest producers include China, Indonesia, and the Republic of Korea. Because of growing consumer awareness of the benefits of seaweed. Seaweed varieties, which are non-flowering, primordial sea algae with no roots, stem, or leaves, play a vital role in marine habitats. On the other hand, the main benefit from using microalgae for fuels is that it eliminates the need for farms to cultivate food supplies. This chapter also highlights the types and classification of marine algae, seaweed cultivation techniques and tools, and the differences in the functions among the Asian, African and other developed countries. Seaweed output (both cultured and wild) has surged in recent years, globally. It has a big stake in food production and meets global food demand. Seaweed also acts as a major tool for climate change mitigation and adaptation. As a climate change adaptation, seaweed lessens wave energy during storms and defends the coast. Seaweed adds oxygen to the ocean, reducing the risk of de-oxygenation. It provides habitats and food for crucial marine ecosystem components that have a significant effect on the climate. Seaweed is used to make biofuels, fertilizer, medicine, and nourishment for humans. In this review, we focus on the global scenarios and science behind seaweed farming. Seaweed cultivation may be adjusted to maximize climatic advantages while also improving the livelihoods of seaweed farmers.
