ABSTRACT
There are a variety of surgical techniques which can be used in the craniofacial region to facilitate an implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in patients. Modified reconstruction procedures can be applied when the facial skeleton has insufficient bone for conventional implant placement, and bone grafting is advocated to create adequate bone volume for implant placement to restore the severely resorbed or resected jaws. Continuous bone resorption and maxillary sinus pneumatisation is thought to cause maxillary atrophy, which can be unbearable for denture-wearers. Radiological assessment of the maxilla can be used to detect maxillary sinus pathology, and evaluate alveolar bone volume and zygomatic body size. Zygomatic implant placement is usually performed under general anaesthesia. Quad zygomatic implant placement uses the pre-molar site and canine or lateral incisor positions.
