ABSTRACT
When human health is the subject matter, improving effective sensor materials with superior performance for sensitive, selective, and fast diagnosis of various bacteria and viruses is necessary. It seems that recent progress on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has provoked a refreshed interest among scientists and major development in this field can be observed. Ultra-high porosity and better internal surface areas with exceptional variability will result in very effective compounds. Moreover, because of manifold performance, large free volumes, and low weight, such particles have great potential to serve multiple purposes. MOFs are also capable of holding active guest molecules, bacteria, nanoparticles, viruses, and enzymes that support electrochemical activity. Metal nodes and conductive ligands are suitable alternatives to provide long-range delocalized electrons for charge mobility to promote the conductivity of MOFs. Despite their significant role in the separation and adsorption of different analytes, they can also enhance biosensor platforms thanks to their multiple advantages (such as flexible framework functionality, large surface-to-volume ratio, and their synthesis feasibility in 3-D, 2-D, and 1-D forms), which offer chances to sensitively and precisely detect various bacteria and viruses. Hence, in this chapter, recent marks of progress in MOF detection abilities for bacteria and viruses are examined, aiming at developing important MOF-based electrochemical sensing assays. This chapter also reviews recent attempts and challenges to offer a clear idea of the principal applications and concepts achieved to apply and modify MOFs in sensing methods for future applications.
