ABSTRACT
The major challenge of the current century is global warming and climate change. If the policy is not changed, combustion of fossil fuels would lead to an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) in the atmosphere and result in climate warming that may increase the temperature by 1.30°C by the end of the current century. Global warming is a severe issue that leads to swings in the average temperature of the world and causes significant shifts in weather and climate. Greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentrations increased in the atmosphere that exerts a warming effect like increased temperature and drought on positive plant–microbe interactions. As microorganisms are a significant component of carbon and nitrogen cycles, they play an essential role in the discharge and removal of GHGs and hold great significance, which in turn are responsible for global warming. Climate change is disturbing the propagation of species and associations between organisms. Microbes live in combination with many other species. Some are beneficial, some pathogenic, and some of which have little or no effect in complex communities. Natural communities are made of organisms that have varying attributes, dispersal capacity. Therefore, it is doubtful that they will all react to climatic change in the same manner. This presently causes it conceivable to test whether some general patterns occur and whether various gatherings of plant-related microorganisms react diversely or similarly to climate 126change. Soil microorganisms control the conversion of nutrients, provide supplements to plants, permit conjunction among neighbors, and changes in soil microorganism–plant communications, which could have massive repercussion for the composition of plant community and function of the ecosystem. Disjuncts in plant–pollinator and plant–herbivore collaborations have been relatively very much depicted. However, the plant–microbes relationship has received less attention. According to most of the studies, elevated CO2 had a positive impact on arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi and plant-associated microorganisms, whereas plant growth-promoting bacteria, endophytic fungi have variable effects.
Similarly, the effects of increased temperature were more variable on positive plant-related microorganisms. The microorganisms are critical players of carbon, nitrogen, and other biogeochemical cycles, and their job as for climate change requires consideration. Notwithstanding, micro-organisms are neglected from most conversations of climate change. It is because of the absence of satisfactory comprehension of microbial action which has not been considered appropriately in most climate change models. In this chapter, we shed light on how global climate change influence soil microbe–plant interactions directly and indirectly, and discuss the exciting questions and areas for future research. It was observed that microorganisms assume important role regarding global climate change, so microorganisms ought to never be ignored of their due significance in environmental change models as well as debates on this issue.
