ABSTRACT
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) growth is a fundamental milestone in advancing operations in many industries, including construction. The CPSs technology is mainly divided into three main layers: the physical layer, the network layer, and the information layer. The physical layer is composed of many embedded hardware and systems, taking charge of the gathering and transmission of information and the implementation of control signals, as it is the foundation of the CPSs. The network layer is responsible for the transmission of information and plays an important role in connecting the physical layer and the information layer, so it is regarded as an independent layer. The information layer is responsible for the processing of information. The integration of virtual models and physical construction has been investigated using different data acquisition technologies such as BIM, laser scanners, GPS, and RFID tags for monitoring progress, safety, and other aspects of construction operations. Despite the benefits of applying CPSs in the construction industry, a lot of requirements and challenges faced the implementation of CPSs in construction which should also be taken into consideration. Also, the cost is always a key consideration when deciding to apply new technologies to different scales of a construction project.
