ABSTRACT
For the last few years, pollution has been a serious problem for human and animal health. This pollution is usually created by industries, transportation, municipalities, the agricultural and automobile sectors etc., all releasing toxic elements in the environment and water bodies. Water pollution is a very serious concern for human and animal health, because we are using water not only for drinking but for washing edible items, cooking and serving utensils, wearing etc.; therefore it’s considered as essential for living things. The main reason of water pollution is untreated effluents released by the industries, municipal sewerage systems, agricultural sites, and urban runoff. Untreated industrial effluents, sewerage water, and waste from chemical industries create huge toxins, nutritional pollution and raise the chance of increased microbial load in water resources. Agricultural waste biomass could be applied to treat polluted water up to a certain level to reduce toxins, antinutrional factors and microbial load from the water. At present, natural and green methods (adsorbents and process) are in most demand for the treatment of water worldwide, because they are environmental friendly and cost-effective became. In recent years, the various low-priced adsorbents and processes developed from biomass of agricultural waste and natural materials have been rigorously investigated. In this category different agricultural waste like rice husk straw, crop waste, fruit peels, nut shells, dry leaves and barks of plants, bagasse and fibres are used as adsorbent, which can offer low-cost solutions for treatment of wastewater. In this chapter all the aspects related with the pollution of water and its treatment by using agricultural waste biomass are thoroughly discussed.
