ABSTRACT
Digital relays or numeric relays are the most prominent equipment in the field of the power system. The relays, having software based on computational algorithm to operate the tripping on/off including the estimation of the restoration time, are proved to be an asset in power system protection by overcoming the physical challenges of the conventional relays. They have huge applications in smart cities, where it is important to provide state-of-the-art protection to the distribution network. The artificial neural network (ANN) may be widely used as a master controller, and the relay serves as a slave in the software environment. This paper presents another prototype running on the ANN under the MATLAB environment acting as a master controller. A MATLAB code replicates the inverse–time characteristic of the IDMT relay which is realized using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm used by the ANN. The relay coordination in the network is performed with the aid of the PIC microcontroller. The proposed relay certainly provides a real-time observation with every second logging of relays data with the estimation of the minimum restoration time for the relay, before it goes off and engages back in the network. The designed digital relay is tested under different fault conditions.
