ABSTRACT
In developing countries, the treatment of sewage remains a challenge due to poor infrastructural and financial conditions. However, in several developing countries, the number of wastewater treatment plants is projected to increase in the near future. As a result, the quantity of sludge generation is also expected to increase. The management and handling of sludge from sewage treatment plants is an expensive and complex process. Improper disposal of sewage sludge could lead to the degradation of the environment. Despite the fact that sludge accounts for just 1%–2% of the sewage volume, with expenses often ranging from 20% to 60% of the operational cost of the sewage treatment facility. The sustainable development goals: Agenda 21 emphasize sustainable solid waste management and sewage treatment, eco-friendly treatment, and disposal practices. Hence, it is necessary to carefully look into the aspects of sludge treatment and disposal strategies. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the sewage sludge generation rates, characteristics, and various management practices such as sludge stabilization, thickening, conditioning, and dewatering techniques.
