ABSTRACT
Microbial enzymes are biocatalysts that play a significant role in different industries for metabolic and biochemical reactions. Microbial enzymes are commonly used by industries for making bread, beer, cheese, dairy products, polymers, organic acids, and medicine. These enzymes have the ability to convert a substrate (compound) into different products at higher rates of reaction. The fermentation process is classified on the basis of specific parameters. Submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) are two processes that involve the production of enzymes. Downstream processing methods are used for the purification and recovery of enzymes. Antibiotics are also produced by fermentation. Antibiotics encompass a broad range of antimicrobial compounds produced by living microorganisms as secondary metabolites. Most of the antibiotics are produced by Streptomyces species. Streptomyces produces bioactive compounds that are antitumor, antihypertensive, antifungal, antibacterial, and so on. Due to the constant use of antibiotics and the resistance developed by microorganisms, new research and discoveries of new antibiotics are needed to deal with the next generation of microorganisms.
