ABSTRACT
In the last few decades, after several long-term reanalyses, observational as well satellite data are available for the Southern Hemisphere; several studies have quantified the cause and impact of Southern Hemispheric climate change using these data sets. The data sets like near-surface temperatures, winds, sea level pressure, sea-ice change, change in Antarctic ice mass, etc. reflect the Southern Hemispheric warming. As a result of this, it is now recognized that several long-term to seasonal to sub-seasonal meteorological time-series indicators show a substantial shift in the last hundred years, and this long-term trend is attributed to the rising temperature trend in the hemispheric as well as global scale. The poleward extension of the Hadley cell, the poleward shift of the storm tracks, and change in the frontal activity are discussed in several papers as a manifestation of this warming trend (Solman and Orlanski, 2015; Gastineau et al., 2009; Fyfe et al., 2012; Solman and Orlanski, 2013). As a result of this climatic shift, in addition to the hemispheric change, several regional impacts are also documented. Changes in rainfall patterns over different parts of Australia, New Zealand, southern Africa, and South America are now well known.
