ABSTRACT
Rapid industrialization and population explosion cause contamination of various toxic pollutants, including heavy metals, dyes, and other hazardous inorganic and organic compounds in natural and man-made water bodies. These phenomena should be addressed promptly to restrict the degradation of water quality and prevent situations like scarcity of usable water. Various methods have been used over the years to control and manage water pollution; amidst those, the membrane separation technique has proved to be more propitious to rectify this global concern. In the last two decades, membrane technology has evolved dramatically as it is able to intensify the scale of the process with a substantial reduction in equipment size, energy consumption, and low capital. Membrane engineering has the possibility of bridging efficiency and sustainability gaps, having minimal or possibly no chemical consumption and environmental friendliness. This chapter explores and analyzes the modern advancements of membrane separation techniques and their application in the field of wastewater treatment. The various categories of membrane technology and their characteristics, pros and cons, and future aspects are also expressed in this chapter.
