ABSTRACT
Environmental monitoring is a very tedious task. Traditionally, mass spectrometry and chromatographic approaches were employed for detection and quantification of pollutants. Such approaches were found to have their inherent limitations. Biosensors are currently being utilized in various areas such as control of bioprocesses, quality control processes in the food sector, military activities, agriculture and medical applications. Most researches have focused on the medical and clinical applications of biosensors. Various conventional analytical techniques have been used for analysis and monitoring of different contaminants present in the environment. Biosensor techniques have been recognized as a reliable alternative. More recently, they have been identified as indispensable tools for modern environmental pollution monitoring and assessment. There are relatively fewer studies focusing on the environmental application of these miniature devices. Hence, the role of biosensors in environmental analysis and monitoring cannot be overemphasized. Biosensors such as aptasensors, enzymatic sensors, immunosensors and genosensors have been documented for the analysis and detection of various contaminants in the environment that are of serious concern. The present chapter reviews the environmental applications of biosensors. It highlights various biosensors that are employed for the monitoring of various pollutants. Some of the most recent studies in this regard are presented. Finally, future trends in the development and applications of biosensors in the areas of environment are also discussed.
