ABSTRACT
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is distributed over nearly the whole of the Northern Hemisphere and has been introduced to Australasia. The species lives in extremely diverse habitats from sea level to mountains and from the Arctic to suburban back gardens. Foxes produce litters once a year during the spring. Where density is low, ranges are large and generally contain an adult breeding pair. In areas of high density, small territories contain an adult female (in extreme cases up to six) together with one male. In some years only one of these females breeds; in others two or more may produce litters close to each other and in some cases litters are pooled. 1
