Introduction

The Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NRP) is a strategic research programme to support climate policy and stimulate climate research in the Netherlands. An overall policy-oriented final report will address the main questions of Dutch policymakers. The evaluation report of the first phase of the NRP states that there remains the need for considerable improvement to increase the linkage among and within projects, clusters and themes’. The global emissions have been estimated by applying information on demography, the technology of processes etc. and data of energy consumption, industrial production, etc. Global average surface temperature has increased since the middle of the 19th century. Human activity may lead to changes in emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols into the atmosphere and to land-use changes. Ozone in the troposphere, on the other hand, has dramatically increased since the turn of the Century.