ABSTRACT
Maritime transportation represents a great majority of global trade. Nevertheless, several risks such as disasters (natural disasters, pandemics, etc.), piracy, port congestion, bottleneck congestion or blockage, cyber-attacks, and operational, accidental, or occupational risks, and so on, threaten the sustainability of the maritime supply chain. If resilience, which is the ability of the chain to return to its original state or to become better than before, cannot be achieved against these risks, the profitability of the sector will be under threat. In the long term, these threats support other transport modes, such as road and rail, which are under development to ensure inter-area integration for long-distance transport, as serious competitors to maritime transport. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic brought about many structural changes, for instance a “just in case” approach is becoming preferred instead of “just in time” for the maritime supply chain. This emphasizes the importance of resilience rather than the speed of the supply chain. In this chapter, the terms risk concept and supply chain resilience are identified, and recent maritime risks and model applications in maritime supply chain resilience against these risks are described. Finally, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maritime transportation and resilience applications against the pandemic are explained.
