ABSTRACT
Future information and communication systems require high levels of energy efficiency (ICT). Energy-efficient solutions that minimize the entire usage of energy in computing, communications, and storage have received much-needed attention as a result of increased ICT use, increasing energy costs, and the need to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions. Massive reductions in a data center’s electricity expenditure, while not jeopardizing service level arrangements, are an outstanding competitive opportunity for data center owners, and will thus contribute significantly to greater environmental protection. Cloud computing (CC) offers a variety of resources, such as storage and retrieval, that can be accessed as needed. Despite its many advantages, it still has several drawbacks that hinder the cloud’s complete adoption. The main problem encountered during CC adaptability is high latency and lack of knowledge of location. The principle of fog computing (FC) because of three main characteristics: position perception, low latency, and versatility has been and is being adopted in order to minimize cloud load and optimize resource utilization. Much research has been conducted to reduce energy consumption in FC, with the majority of it focusing on increasing energy quality through resource management approaches, scheduling of incoming tasks, adding green renewable energy, and so forth. This chapter provides an introduction to CC and FC, fog architecture, and different approaches utilized for energy efficiency in cloud and fog data centers. The chapter concludes with a discussion of different research issues in the energy-efficient fog cloud computing, as well as case studies.
