ABSTRACT
The inappropriate treatment of bio-medical waste has major environmental consequences in terms of contamination of the air, water, and land. Pollutants may be categorised as biological, chemical, or radioactive. The simple creation of bio-medical waste, as well as the processes of collection, treatment, and disposal, may cause environmental issues. Air pollution may occur both inside and outside the home. There are three categories of bio-medical waste that cause air pollution: biological, chemical, and radioactive. Indoor air pollutants, such as infections found in the trash, may infiltrate and persist as spores or pathogens in the air of an institution for an extended length of time. Open burning and incinerators are the two main sources of chemical pollutants that produce outdoor air pollution. The most dangerous practise is burning of biological waste in the open, which should be avoided at all costs. Another important issue posed by biomedical waste is water pollution. Water contamination may occur if garbage is deposited in low-lying regions or into lakes and water bodies. Biological, chemical, and radioactive contaminants all have the potential to pollute water. The bacteria in the garbage have the potential to pollute groundwater and surface water. Water contamination may also be caused by harmful compounds found in biomedical waste, such as heavy metals. The eventual disposal of all bio-medical waste results in land pollution.
