ABSTRACT
Antibiotics have been widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, their continued usage has increased the occurrence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, thereby posing threats to public health. The hazards associated with the use of antibiotics necessitate the need to find possible alternatives to them. Microbes acquire resistance either by mutations in their DNA or by acquiring resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer and have developed various methods to overcome the effects of drugs. In addition, antimicrobial resistance has been prevalent in aquaculture, thus serving as a potential reservoir for disseminating antimicrobial resistance genes to fish and human pathogens. Possible mitigation strategies include the use of prebiotics, probiotics, derivatives from medicinal plants, and antimicrobial peptides.
