ABSTRACT
In a broad range of research applications, finding the sequence of nucleic acid residues in biological samples is important. Over the last few decades, a significant number of researchers have worked to develop methods and technologies that will make this challenge easier, such as sequencing Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules. There are many generations of sequencing technologies which can be distinguished by their design and the type of production they deliver. Twenty years ago, DNA sequencing was based on biochemical methods, which was Sanger sequencing to sequence the proper order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in the creation of new sequencing machines and platforms. Next Generation Sequencing Technologies (NGSTs) were introduced in 2005, and they revolutionized the way we analyze and comprehend living things. DNA sequencing has made an enormous change from sequencing a few oligonucleotides to billions of nucleotides to deduce whole-genome sequencing. In this chapter, we provide a non-exhaustive overview of these sequencing technologies, starting from the first methods used to widely used NGS platforms and progress to date.
