ABSTRACT
The crude oil-based gasoline fuels have been widely used in the transportation sector since the 1920s. However, there have been great public concerns over the adverse environmental and human impact of these fuels. Hence, biomass-based bioethanol fuels have increasingly been used in blending gasoline fuels, in the fuel cells, and in the biochemical production in a biorefinery context. However, it is necessary to pretreat the biomass to enhance the yield of the bioethanol prior to the bioethanol fuel production from the feedstocks through the hydrolysis of the biomass and fermentation of the resulting hydrolysates, respectively. One of the most-studied feedstocks for the bioethanol fuels has been the food wastes such as fruit, vegetable, beverage, and dairy wastes. The research in the field of the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels has intensified in this context in the key research fronts of the pretreatment and hydrolysis of the food wastes, fermentation of the food waste-based hydrolysates, and the production of the second generation food waste-based bioethanol fuels. Further, the most-prolific food wastes have been fruit wastes and to a lesser extent other food wastes, and food wastes in general at the macro scale and empty fruit bunches, orange peels, citrus peels, beverage wastes (spent coffee grounds), vegetable wastes, cashew apple bagasse, pineapple waste, grapefruit peels, olive wastes (olive stones), fish wastes, banana peels, and dairy wastes (cheese whey) at the microscale. However, it is essential to develop efficient incentive structures for the primary stakeholders to enhance the research in this field. Although there have been a number of review papers on the food waste-based bioethanol fuels, there has been no review of the most-cited 25 articles in this field. Thus, this book chapter presents a review of these most-cited 25 articles. Then, it discusses the key findings of these highly influential papers and comments on the future research priorities in this field.
