ABSTRACT
Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is a temperate fruit crop grown around the world for table purposes. It is highly nutritious and contains almost all the nutrients essential for health. Apple crops are proven to be susceptible to various pests and physiological disorders. Out of various pests, insect pests such as San Jose scale, woolly apple aphid, European red mite (ERM), blossom thrips, hairy caterpillar, green apple aphid, bark beetle/shot hole borer/pin hole borer, apple stem borer, codling moth, etc. play an important role in quality production of apples which are responsible for direct and indirect losses. Physiological disorders such as bitter pit, water core, brown heart, sun scald, sun burn, russeting, cork spot, etc. play a significant role in quality reduction, and therefore reduce the marketable value of the produce. In order to maintain the quality of apple production, management of these insect pests and physiological disorders is essential to increase the production as well as quality of apples. Management of these insect pests and physiological disorders in an integrated and eco-friendly manner helps in the quality assurance of the apple produce.
