ABSTRACT
Hylocereus polyrhizus or red pitaya is an exotic and tropical fruit widely cultivated and consumed in Southeast Asia, and it has also been grown in Brazil since the 90s. It has a high demand on international markets, especially in European countries. This fruit can be eaten fresh or processed as beverages, ice cream and jellies. Several applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry have been explored for pitaya. This chapter carried out a literature review, searching data on the biochemical and nutritional composition and the bioactivities of H. polyrhizus. The red pitaya is a source of antioxidant minerals and vitamins, functional lipids, fibers and volatile and phenolic compounds, which can provide phytochemical agents with multiple biological roles. Many studies show that red pitaya display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antiviral, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, wound healing and anti-anxiety properties. Therefore, we encourage the consumption of this fruit, as well as other fruits and vegetables, for the promotion of health and prevention of chronic diseases.
