ABSTRACT
We are bound to face new abiotic and biotic stress difficulties as a result of climate change, such as cold and heat waves, root weevil, canker disease, etc., all of which are currently being exacerbated by global warming. Crop losses are caused by cold injury due to frost and freezing temperatures, forcing us to develop a better understanding of the physiological, molecular and hormonal mechanisms of stress response, particularly in tropical and subtropical crops like citrus, which are ideally suited to a specific climatic situation. Several cold stress responses seen in animals can also be detected in citrus. A huge wave of thorough biological study has also been sparked by recent advancements in bioinformatics and analytical tools like mass spectrometers and next-generation DNA sequencers (NGS). Studies that look at all genes, transcripts (RNAs), proteins, hormones, metabolites, ions or phenotypes are, respectively, referred to as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, hormonomics, ionomics, metabolomics and phenomics. These omics are effective tools for identifying critical genes for important traits, clarifying physiological events and revealing previously unidentified metabolic pathways in crops. The use of an omics approach in fruit tree research has increased dramatically in recent years. Even though transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are the most often published research omics investigations in fruit trees, hormonomics and ionomics are also mentioned. In this chapter, the authors look at the most recent research on citrus.
