ABSTRACT
The growth in urbanization and industrialization increases wastes production at an alarming rate worldwide. Wastes could be generated from different activities such as industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical and household activities. However, huge quantities of wastes generation are mainly from agricultural and domestic activities. In most cases, these wastes cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms; therefore, they have been recognized as an ecological burden for society. In the last two decades, researchers have used various techniques or synthesis routes to transform agricultural wastes such as fruit peels, seeds, plants and wood wastes into valuable materials for different applications. The utilization of agricultural waste-based materials for the removal of hazardous contaminants from kitchen wastewater has also been reported. Therefore, the importance, achievements and limitations of various routes with reference to their major applications are critically reviewed in this study. In addition, a comprehensive investigation on the previous and novel methods in reversing the causes of the environmental damages caused by the domestic and agricultural wastes are discussed. Moreover, technology screening in selecting suitable ways to eradicate environmental pollution was analysed in this chapter.
