Consumers' perceived risk and dining-out intention during COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of perceived risk on consumers’ behavior using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and their dining-out intention in a restaurant during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, there are samples from 156 respondents from Malang, East Java, Indonesia, which were collected using an online survey between January and March 2021. Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed to investigate the influence amongst the constructs. The results indicate that the risk perception of COVID-19 has a significant influence on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control. On the other hand, consumers’ food consumption intention to eat at restaurants during the pandemic is significantly influenced merely by the attitude and the perceived behavioral control. The results confirmed the previous studies to verify the TPB model to predict consumers’ behavior and their consumption intention during a pandemic.