ABSTRACT
Thermal processes such as incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification are used in the decomposition of waste materials into submaterials such as gases, liquid, char, and ashes. These processes are also called “energy production or recovery processes” that include heat, steam, and electricity production. Several thermal conversion methods are used to recover materials and energy, which includes the advanced thermal processes methods and advanced thermal treatment technologies. Various techniques are used to control the quantity of oxygen entry into the reactor and the output product types. Pyrolysis, for instance, occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces syngas, oil, and char. The pyrolysis mechanisms are based on process type (flash, fast, slow, catalytic and vacuum pyrolysis), parameters and operating conditions, which are heating rate, resident time, temperature and pressure conditions, reactor types and configuration. The quantity of the final product depends on the temperature, feedstock, heating rates, and the time of process. These products have several uses; pyrolysis oil and gas can be used as raw materials for special chemical production and/or fuel. Furthermore, solid char can be used as a solid fuel in power generation. This chapter provides an overview of the thermal conversion of biomass waste via pyrolysis process to produce bio-oil, biochar and syngas.
