ABSTRACT
Due to increased water demand and rigorous wastewater disposal standards, the industry will be obliged to evaluate treatment options and viability. This chapter focuses on treating agricultural and food industry wastewater using single or integrated nanofiltration (NF) processes. Current advancements in NF membrane technology for reuse, recycle, and recovery in the agricultural and food industry are outlined here. Integrated NF processes help the agricultural and food industries to attain stringent discharge limits, recover valuable resources, and maximize water reuse opportunities. On-site treatment also draws much attention, as valuable by-products can be recovered to generate additional revenue. This chapter also presents drawbacks and challenges of NF membrane technology, particularly membrane fouling and additional treatment of concentrates. Recent discoveries and promising NF fouling mitigation strategies will be reviewed for more cost-effective and robust NF operations.
