ABSTRACT
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a miniaturized device that combines single or multiple analyses commonly performed in a laboratory into a single chip, which sizes in millimeters to several centimeters. LOC devices offer advantages of rapid, real-time measurement, and low sample analysis for applications in biosensors (point-of-care diagnostics, toxicology, and glucose monitoring), environmental sensors (heavy metal, pesticide, and air quality monitoring), and chemical sensors (food, forensic, and safety analyses). However, there are challenges in terms of lowering the limit of detection (LOD), improving the sensitivity and specificity, and integrating the multicomponent functional part of the LOC device. Therefore, the incorporation of nanomaterials in the LOC devices aims to overcome these problems by providing a large surface area for detection, a biocompatible environment, and improving the optical, electrochemical, and electrical properties. This chapter focuses mainly on the role and application of nanomaterials such as metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanomaterials for LOC devices. The fabrication strategies, properties, and their sensing applications for LOC device development are explained in detail. Accordingly, a brief introduction on the design and types of detection techniques in the LOC device are summarized. Finally, the current status and prospects are outlined for nanomaterials in LOC technologies.
