ABSTRACT
Functional nanomaterials for biosensors and bio-applications are novel topics in the field of nanotechnology. Nanomaterials are prepared in two major synthetic procedures: top-down and bottom-up methods. Nanomaterials alone act as a sensor for compounds having surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. On the other hand, sensitive detection is achieved by SERS-tagged nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles—for example, gold nanoparticles—in the core-shell act as a biosensor for uric acid and glucose. Metal oxide nanoparticles like copper oxide also act as glucose sensors. Carbon materials, carbon-based metal nanomaterials, and carbon-based metal oxide nanomaterials are widely used for sensor applications. Very importantly, nanoparticles encapsulated with biomolecules act as very good sensors in biology due to their biocompatibility and selectivity, along with non-toxic surfaces. In biosensing, proper encapsulation and non-cytotoxicity tend to exhibit a higher scale of detection limit is vital. In bio-applications, the research now extends by the cooperation with polymers leading to self-healing material and tissue engineering.
