ABSTRACT
It is a well-known fact that the introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology has proven to be oxygen for material science for various technological applications. Before the introduction of nanotechnology, bulk materials used for various applications were considered as not active for these applications. Materials at the nanoscale exhibit extraordinary electrical, optical, mechanical, and magnetic properties which the same material at bulk cannot exhibit. There is an extended list of metal oxides available which have been exploited for many electrochemical applications. Many possibilities among the family of metal oxides—TiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, SrTiO3, SnO2, and Co3O4, etc.—are reviewed in this chapter as potential candidates for electrochemical application. Further, the development of nanomaterial as a composite with functionalized material has opened up new avenues for various analytical applications and for electrochemical applications specifically. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been used with conduction polymers, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and other carbon families with functional groups as nanocomposite for various electrochemical applications, and hence given extraordinary responses in the fields of electrochemical sensors, fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, CO2 reduction, and so on.
