ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the efficiency of biodiesel produced from different feedstocks and the challenges that come with it. The use of biodiesel has shown to be beneficial over conventional diesel fuel. Biodiesel has a lot of promise in the future as a modern and clean energy source, as an alternate fuel for petroleum-derived diesel, and it can be used in an engine without any diminishing. There are several prospective feedstocks of biodiesel; edible oil (first generation), Non-edible oil (second generation), and microalgae (third generation). Various facets of edible, non-edible, and microalgae feedstocks, the physicochemical properties of biodiesel, as well as its impact on engine efficiency and emissions were reviewed based on published papers in fields such as biology, distribution, chemistry, and mechanical. From the study, most biodiesel produces higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lower brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). NOx emissions have risen while HCs, CO, and PM emissions have decreased. As a result, it was investigated that there is a significant possibility of producing biodiesel from second and third-generation sources, which may improve potential biodiesel demand.
