ABSTRACT
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are materials that have a variety of properties according to the requirement to serve a specific purpose. An FGM is a material capable of having diverse characteristics that change with the thickness of the material. Its improved qualities make it ideal for various applications, including airplanes, combustion nozzles, gas turbines, energy conversion cells, biomaterials, and others. The analysis and production of this structure are complex since it is graded. The functionally graded material’s strength, density, and other material characteristics are studied using rigorous models. The majority of the popular models utilized in FGM formulation will be discussed in this chapter. In the characteristics of the FGM, gradation has a powerful influence on material properties. The manufacturing of FGM is complex due to the needed gradation of the various materials. They cannot be produced using traditional methods such as casting. There is a need for more exact control over the process parameter to attain more-desired material qualities. The FGM is manufactured using powder metallurgy, chemical vapor deposition, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and plasma spraying. These manufacturing technologies are reviewed considering sustainability aspects.
